Most-cited Immunology and Microbiology papers of 2025, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Immunology and Microbiology research papers published in 2025, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. Type 2 immunity in allergic diseases
   İsmail Öğülür, Yasutaka Mitamura et al. · 2025 · 359 citations · Free PDF
2. Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets
   Fan Guan, Ruixuan Wang et al. · 2025 · 356 citations
3. Human inborn errors of immunity: 2024 update on the classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee
   M. Cecilia Poli, Ivona A Aksentijevich et al. · 2025 · 342 citations · Free PDF
4. Dual roles and therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironments
   Jiasheng Xu, Lei Ding et al. · 2025 · 325 citations · Free PDF
5. RNA neoantigen vaccines prime long-lived CD8+ T cells in pancreatic cancer
   Zachary M. Sethna, Pablo Guasp et al. · 2025 · 318 citations
6. Pattern recognition receptors: function, regulation and therapeutic potential
   Ruochan Chen, Ju Zou et al. · 2025 · 301 citations · Free PDF
7. The Role of Inflammation in Cancer: Mechanisms of Tumor Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis
   Atsushi Nishida, Akira Andoh · 2025 · 269 citations
8. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment and their targeting in cancer therapy
   Shuyan He, Lu Zheng et al. · 2025 · 225 citations · Free PDF
9. A neoantigen vaccine generates antitumour immunity in renal cell carcinoma
   David A. Braun, Giorgia Moranzoni et al. · 2025 · 206 citations
10. Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment
    Xiaoxue Zhou, Yuchen Wu et al. · 2025 · 187 citations · Free PDF
11. The 2024 update of IUIS phenotypic classification of human inborn errors of immunity
    Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha, Leïla Jeddane et al. · 2025 · 184 citations · Free PDF
12. Tumor-associated macrophages remodel the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and targeted therapy for immunotherapy
    Yan Yang, Sijia Li et al. · 2025 · 182 citations · Free PDF
13. Antimicrobial peptide biological activity, delivery systems and clinical translation status and challenges
    Sainan Zheng, Yuhan Tu et al. · 2025 · 177 citations
14. An examination of the LPS-TLR4 immune response through the analysis of molecular structures and protein–protein interactions
    Ruiqin Luo, Yi Yao et al. · 2025 · 176 citations · Free PDF
15. The cGAS‒STING pathway in cancer immunity: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic implications
    Mengzhou Shen, Xianjie Jiang et al. · 2025 · 165 citations · Free PDF
16. Mitochondrial DNA released by senescent tumor cells enhances PMN-MDSC-driven immunosuppression through the cGAS-STING pathway
    Ping Lai, Lei Liu et al. · 2025 · 162 citations · Free PDF
17. Regulatory T cells in homeostasis and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential
    Lingling Wang, Ying Liang et al. · 2025 · 146 citations · Free PDF
18. The Global Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance: Mechanisms, Case Studies, and Mitigation Approaches
    Abubakar Nazir, Abubakar Nazir et al. · 2025 · 141 citations
19. Regulation of the cGAS-STING Pathway
    Bing Zhang, Pengbiao Xu et al. · 2025 · 138 citations
20. The future of antibiotic use in livestock
    Alejandro Acosta, Wondmagegn Tafesse Tirkaso et al. · 2025 · 130 citations
21. Distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations in human glioblastoma
    Christina Jackson, Christopher Cherry et al. · 2025 · 128 citations · Free PDF
22. IL-33-activated ILC2s induce tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer
    Masataka Amisaki, Abderezak Zebboudj et al. · 2025 · 127 citations · Free PDF
23. Tecovirimat for Clade I MPXV Infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo
    The PALM007 Writing Group · 2025 · 126 citations
24. Demystifying the cGAS-STING pathway: precision regulation in the tumor immune microenvironment
    Qingyang Wang, Yang Yu et al. · 2025 · 125 citations · Free PDF
25. Advances in antimicrobial peptides: From mechanistic insights to chemical modifications
    Ren Yang, Xiaohan Ma et al. · 2025 · 119 citations · Free PDF

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