# Most-cited Social Sciences papers of 2016, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Social Sciences research papers published in 2016, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2614986146) · 6,601 citations · Free PDF
2. [How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2284386481) · 4,604 citations
3. [Code Saturation Versus Meaning Saturation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2524597629) · 4,502 citations
4. [Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi‐structured interview guide](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2396339611) · 4,226 citations
5. [Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W1525564204) · 4,025 citations
6. [Member Checking](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2460117687) · 3,928 citations
7. [The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2557671501) · 3,447 citations
8. [In the Wake: On Blackness and Being](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2553749882) · 3,263 citations
9. [How the machine ‘thinks’: Understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3122548859) · 2,854 citations
10. [The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2332787986) · 2,825 citations
11. [Strangers in their own land : anger and mourning on the American right](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3111789569) · 2,630 citations
12. [The spreading of misinformation online](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2232384272) · 2,421 citations · Free PDF
13. [The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W1484598383) · 2,344 citations
14. [Textual Analysis in Accounting and Finance: A Survey](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2625464253) · 2,339 citations
15. [On Democratic Backsliding](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2296297756) · 2,278 citations
16. [Characteristics of Qualitative Descriptive Studies: A Systematic Review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2528852890) · 2,248 citations
17. [Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2528385426) · 2,173 citations · Free PDF
18. [Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2517793972) · 2,150 citations
19. [The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study.](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2314751257) · 2,080 citations
20. [Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2245858136) · 1,985 citations
21. [Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Online News Consumption](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2303924600) · 1,978 citations
22. [oTree—An open-source platform for laboratory, online, and field experiments](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W83993254) · 1,969 citations
23. [Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2336497595) · 1,961 citations · Free PDF
24. [Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2573660794) · 1,934 citations
25. [An Indigenous Feminist's Take On The Ontological Turn: ‘Ontology’ Is Just Another Word For Colonialism](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2304487534) · 1,865 citations

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/social-sciences/most-cited-2016