Most-cited Physics and Astronomy papers of 2025, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Physics and Astronomy research papers published in 2025, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. Software Update: The ORCA Program System—Version 6.0
   Frank Neese · 2025 · 1,145 citations
2. DESI 2024 VI: cosmological constraints from the measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations
   A. G. Adame, J. Aguilar et al. · 2025 · 1,134 citations · Free PDF
3. DESI DR2 results. II. Measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations and cosmological constraints
   M. Abdul Karim, J. Aguilar et al. · 2025 · 572 citations · Free PDF
4. Visualization Analysis of Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions in Real Space
   Tian Lu · 2025 · 335 citations
5. The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
   Eleonora Di Valentino, Jackson Levi Said et al. · 2025 · 319 citations · Free PDF
6. Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks Meet Science
   Ziming Liu, Max Tegmark et al. · 2025 · 284 citations · Free PDF
7. DESI 2024 III: baryon acoustic oscillations from galaxies and quasars
   A. G. Adame, J. Aguilar et al. · 2025 · 272 citations · Free PDF
8. DESI 2024 IV: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman alpha forest
   A. G. Adame, J. Aguilar et al. · 2025 · 270 citations · Free PDF
9. Multi-Objective Loss Balancing for Physics-Informed Deep Learning
   Rafael Bischof, Michael Anton Kraus · 2025 · 235 citations · Free PDF
10. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 power spectra, likelihoods and ΛCDM parameters
    Thibaut Louis, Adrien La Posta et al. · 2025 · 230 citations · Free PDF
11. MACE-OFF: Short-Range Transferable Machine Learning Force Fields for Organic Molecules
    Dávid Péter Kovács, J. Harry Moore et al. · 2025 · 226 citations · Free PDF
12. When physics meets machine learning: a survey of physics-informed machine learning
    Chuizheng Meng, Sam Griesemer et al. · 2025 · 225 citations · Free PDF
13. DESI 2024 VII: cosmological constraints from the full-shape modeling of clustering measurements
    A. G. Adame, J. Aguilar et al. · 2025 · 207 citations · Free PDF
14. Variational Physics-informed Neural Operator (VINO) for solving partial differential equations
    Mohammad Sadegh Eshaghi, Cosmin Anitescu et al. · 2025 · 206 citations · Free PDF
15. Physics-informed neural networks for PDE problems: a comprehensive review
    Kuang Luo, Jingshang Zhao et al. · 2025 · 206 citations · Free PDF
16. AIMNet2: a neural network potential to meet your neutral, charged, organic, and elemental-organic needs
    Dylan M. Anstine, R.I. Zubatyuk et al. · 2025 · 202 citations
17. Extended dark energy analysis using DESI DR2 BAO measurements
    K. Lodha, R. Calderón et al. · 2025 · 202 citations · Free PDF
18. The Rise of Faint, Red Active Galactic Nuclei at z > 4: A Sample of Little Red Dots in the JWST Extragalactic Legacy Fields
    Dale D. Kocevski, Steven L. Finkelstein et al. · 2025 · 199 citations · Free PDF
19. Union through UNITY: Cosmology with 2000 SNe Using a Unified Bayesian Framework
    D. Rubin, Greg Aldering et al. · 2025 · 189 citations · Free PDF
20. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 constraints on extended cosmological models
    Erminia Calabrese, J. Colin Hill et al. · 2025 · 184 citations · Free PDF
21. Dark Matter Search Results from 4.2 Tonne − Years of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment
    J. Aalbers, D. S. Akerib et al. · 2025 · 180 citations · Free PDF
22. Three-dimensional mapping of the altermagnetic spin splitting in CrSb
    Guowei Yang, Zhanghuan Li et al. · 2025 · 174 citations · Free PDF
23. GOAT: A Global Optimization Algorithm for Molecules and Atomic Clusters
    Bernardo de Souza · 2025 · 173 citations
24. The PLATO mission
    Heike Rauer, Conny Aerts et al. · 2025 · 167 citations · Free PDF
25. Abundant ammonia and nitrogen-rich soluble organic matter in samples from asteroid (101955) Bennu
    Daniel P. GLAVIN, Jason P. Dworkin et al. · 2025 · 165 citations · Free PDF

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