# Most-cited Physics and Astronomy papers of 2024, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Physics and Astronomy research papers published in 2024, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [A comprehensive electron wavefunction analysis toolbox for chemists, Multiwfn](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4401916766) · 5,183 citations
2. [Review of Particle Physics](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4401211033) · 3,604 citations · Free PDF
3. [Bilby: A User-friendly Bayesian Inference Library for Gravitational-wave Astronomy](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3105850678) · 791 citations
4. [Altermagnetic lifting of Kramers spin degeneracy](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4391809119) · 689 citations · Free PDF
5. [Euclid](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4398795509) · 617 citations · Free PDF
6. [CREST—A program for the exploration of low-energy molecular chemical space](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4393045038) · 569 citations
7. [Little Red Dots: An Abundant Population of Faint Active Galactic Nuclei at z ∼ 5 Revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST Surveys](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4392553965) · 540 citations · Free PDF
8. [The NANOGrav 11-year data set: High-precision timing of 45 millisecond pulsars](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3100266278) · 504 citations
9. [GWTC-2.1: Deep extended catalog of compact binary coalescences observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first half of the third observing run](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4390605189) · 496 citations · Free PDF
10. [The Dark Energy Survey: Cosmology Results with ∼1500 New High-redshift Type Ia Supernovae Using the Full 5 yr Data Set](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4403066672) · 450 citations · Free PDF
11. [Broken Kramers Degeneracy in Altermagnetic MnTe](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4390985412) · 440 citations · Free PDF
12. [Altermagnetism: Exploring New Frontiers in Magnetism and Spintronics](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4402807663) · 434 citations · Free PDF
13. [UNCOVER Spectroscopy Confirms the Surprising Ubiquity of Active Galactic Nuclei in Red Sources at z > 5](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4392768687) · 429 citations · Free PDF
14. [Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4391530715) · 428 citations · Free PDF
15. [Direct observation of altermagnetic band splitting in CrSb thin films](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4392591399) · 427 citations · Free PDF
16. [Observation of time-reversal symmetry breaking in the band structure of altermagnetic RuO 2](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4391418258) · 389 citations · Free PDF
17. [The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4391380867) · 376 citations · Free PDF
18. [JADES](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4402329561) · 373 citations · Free PDF
19. [The NANOGrav 11 Year Data Set: Pulsar-timing constraints on the Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3105981474) · 368 citations
20. [The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4389485451) · 350 citations · Free PDF
21. [A small and vigorous black hole in the early Universe](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4390940980) · 345 citations · Free PDF
22. [Precision measures of the primordial abundance of deuterium](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3106159308) · 314 citations
23. [Observation of a giant band splitting in altermagnetic MnTe](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4392358950) · 293 citations
24. [A NICER View of the Nearest and Brightest Millisecond Pulsar: PSR J0437–4715](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4400518961) · 289 citations · Free PDF
25. [The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the DR6 CMB Lensing Power Spectrum and Its Implications for Structure Growth](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4365211514) · 282 citations · Free PDF

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/physics-and-astronomy/most-cited-2024