# Most-cited Physics and Astronomy papers of 2023, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Physics and Astronomy research papers published in 2023, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the Second Part of the Third Observing Run](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4307082099) · 1,758 citations · Free PDF
2. [MadGraph 5 : Going Beyond](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3102863431) · 1,654 citations
3. [The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4382358570) · 1,471 citations · Free PDF
4. [Implementation strategies in phonopy and phono3py](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4377694431) · 1,341 citations · Free PDF
5. [Search for an Isotropic Gravitational-wave Background with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4382358671) · 1,158 citations · Free PDF
6. [Searching for the Nano-Hertz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background with the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array Data Release I](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4381162275) · 1,119 citations · Free PDF
7. [The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4382618993) · 1,043 citations · Free PDF
8. [Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4226083230) · 890 citations · Free PDF
9. [The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4382358974) · 750 citations · Free PDF
10. [Horizon-scale tests of gravity theories and fundamental physics from the Event Horizon Telescope image of Sagittarius A ∗](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4378373273) · 743 citations · Free PDF
11. [Semiconductor spin qubits](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4380590907) · 715 citations · Free PDF
12. [First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4285044823) · 693 citations · Free PDF
13. [Lithium niobate photonics: Unlocking the electromagnetic spectrum](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4313555657) · 663 citations
14. [Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4293022516) · 609 citations
15. [Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Time-dependent Convection, Energy Conservation, Automatic Differentiation, and Infrastructure](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4321790088) · 599 citations · Free PDF
16. [Simple, Efficient, and Universal Energy Decomposition Analysis Method Based on Dispersion-Corrected Density Functional Theory](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4385829662) · 549 citations
17. [A Comprehensive Study of Galaxies at z ∼ 9–16 Found in the Early JWST Data: Ultraviolet Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star Formation History at the Pre-reionization Epoch](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4321079579) · 539 citations · Free PDF
18. [CEERS Key Paper. I. An Early Look into the First 500 Myr of Galaxy Formation with JWST](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4361000553) · 536 citations · Free PDF
19. [High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral-atom quantum computer](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4387542025) · 515 citations · Free PDF
20. [Quantum Size Effect in Three-Dimensional Microscopic Semiconductor Crystals](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W1637248356) · 514 citations · Free PDF
21. [Colloquium : Quantum anomalous Hall effect](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4317759359) · 509 citations · Free PDF
22. [The James Webb Space Telescope Mission](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3173211033) · 503 citations · Free PDF
23. [A JWST/NIRSpec First Census of Broad-line AGNs at z = 4–7: Detection of 10 Faint AGNs with M BH ∼ 106–108 M ⊙ and Their Host Galaxy Properties](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4389330439) · 492 citations · Free PDF
24. [The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4362580528) · 441 citations · Free PDF
25. [Stability, Reliability, and Robustness of GaN Power Devices: A Review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4365131572) · 435 citations

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/physics-and-astronomy/most-cited-2023