# Most-cited Medicine papers of 2016, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Medicine research papers published in 2016, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2560367415) · 30,856 citations
2. [The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2280404143) · 28,103 citations
3. [Cancer statistics in China, 2015](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2272984102) · 17,125 citations
4. [Cancer statistics, 2016](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2235523093) · 16,018 citations
5. [Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2549976854) · 13,107 citations · Free PDF
6. [Should We STOP Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Advanced Kidney Disease?](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2475261460) · 11,725 citations
7. [2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2397911846) · 11,449 citations
8. [The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2339658711) · 10,138 citations
9. [Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2527905628) · 10,102 citations · Free PDF
10. [The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2310716991) · 7,837 citations
11. [Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2557738935) · 7,718 citations
12. [Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W1617145133) · 7,715 citations · Free PDF
13. [Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2425644022) · 7,592 citations · Free PDF
14. [Molecular Mechanisms of Stress-Responsive Changes in Collagen and Elastin Networks in Skin](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2476542314) · 7,298 citations
15. [Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2519510391) · 6,852 citations
16. [Changes of Intestinal Functions in Liver Cirrhosis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2328023807) · 6,810 citations
17. [2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2402599050) · 6,471 citations
18. [2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2509795914) · 6,448 citations · Free PDF
19. [2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3004050106) · 6,435 citations
20. [Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2560322684) · 6,229 citations · Free PDF
21. [The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease at 25 years](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2329336071) · 6,154 citations
22. [Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2016](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2915478882) · 6,077 citations
23. [2016 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4293860347) · 5,880 citations
24. [Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs from 1981 to 2014](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2256742438) · 5,861 citations
25. [Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2559537906) · 5,797 citations

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/medicine/most-cited-2016