Most-cited Mathematics papers of 2025, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Mathematics research papers published in 2025, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

  1. Parsimoniously Fitting Large Multivariate Random Effects in glmmTMB
    Maeve McGillycuddy, David I. Warton et al. · 2025 · 484 citations · Free PDF
  2. The Target Trial Framework for Causal Inference From Observational Data: Why and When Is It Helpful?
    Miguel Ángel Hernán, Issa J Dahabreh et al. · 2025 · 200 citations
  3. Two-way fixed effects, the two-way mundlak regression, and difference-in-differences estimators
    Jeffrey M. Wooldridge · 2025 · 130 citations · Free PDF
  4. The proper application of logistic regression model in complex survey data: a systematic review
    Devjit Dey, Md. Samio Haque et al. · 2025 · 126 citations · Free PDF
  5. Local Projections
    Òscar Jordà, Alan M. Taylor · 2025 · 121 citations
  6. A simple guide to the use of Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-squared test, and Kruskal-Wallis test in biostatistics
    Davide Chicco, Andrea Sichenze et al. · 2025 · 116 citations · Free PDF
  7. Numerical Radius Inequalities Involving 2 × 2 Block Matrices
    Ahmad Al natoor, Fadi Alrimawi · 2025 · 108 citations
  8. Singular Value Inequalities for Concave and Convex Functions of Matrix Sums and Products
    Ahmad Al natoor, Fadi Alrimawi · 2025 · 92 citations
  9. Causal Inference With Observational Data and Unobserved Confounding Variables
    Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Laura E. Dee · 2025 · 90 citations · Free PDF
  10. To adjust, or not to adjust, for multiple comparisons
    Richard Hooper · 2025 · 90 citations
  11. How much missing data is too much to impute for longitudinal health indicators? A preliminary guideline for the choice of the extent of missing proportion to impute with multiple imputation by chained equations
    K. P. Junaid, Tanvi Kiran et al. · 2025 · 82 citations · Free PDF
  12. Dealing with continuous variables and modelling non-linear associations in healthcare data: practical guide
    Pedro López‐Ayala, Richard D Riley et al. · 2025 · 79 citations · Free PDF
  13. How to use directed acyclic graphs: guide for clinical researchers
    Timothy Feeney, Fernando Pires Hartwig et al. · 2025 · 76 citations
  14. Numerical Conformal Mapping
    Lloyd N. Trefethen · 2025 · 74 citations · Free PDF
  15. Lattice Structure for Orientations of Graphs
    Jim Propp · 2025 · 73 citations · Free PDF
  16. A Local Projections Approach to Difference‐in‐Differences
    Arindrajit Dubé, Daniele Girardi et al. · 2025 · 73 citations
  17. Foundations and Future Directions for Causal Inference in Ecological Research
    Katherine Siegel, Laura E. Dee · 2025 · 72 citations · Free PDF
  18. Quantum groups and Yang-Baxter equations
    Alexey P. Isaev · 2025 · 70 citations
  19. Mitigating hypersonic heat barrier via direct cooling enhanced by leidenfrost inhibition
    Ji‐Xiang Wang, Mingliang Zhong et al. · 2025 · 68 citations
  20. Estimating and presenting non-linear associations with restricted cubic splines
    Andrea Discacciati, Michael G. Palazzolo et al. · 2025 · 66 citations
  21. Heegaard Floer homology and integer surgeries on links
    Ciprian Manolescu, Peter Ozsváth · 2025 · 59 citations · Free PDF
  22. Sample size justification in feasibility studies: moving beyond published guidance
    Robert Neal Montgomery · 2025 · 59 citations · Free PDF
  23. Propensity Score Matching: should we use it in designing observational studies?
    Fei Wan · 2025 · 57 citations · Free PDF
  24. Assessment of Cell Viability in Drug Therapy: IC50 and Other New Time-Independent Indices for Evaluating Chemotherapy Efficacy
    Marta Sánchez‐Díez, Paula Romero-Jiménez et al. · 2025 · 57 citations · Free PDF
  25. Artificial neural network analysis of heat and mass transfer in fractional Casson flow
    Shajar Abbas, Mushtaq Ahmad et al. · 2025 · 57 citations

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