# Most-cited Mathematics papers of 2024, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Mathematics research papers published in 2024, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [Revisiting Event-Study Designs: Robust and Efficient Estimation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3196836501) · 2,149 citations · Free PDF
2. [Evaluation of clinical prediction models (part 1): from development to external validation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4390674087) · 741 citations · Free PDF
3. [How to choose a sampling technique and determine sample size for research: A simplified guide for researchers](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4402878321) · 614 citations · Free PDF
4. [Developing clinical prediction models: a step-by-step guide](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4402199506) · 504 citations
5. [Evaluation of clinical prediction models (part 2): how to undertake an external validation study](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4390876555) · 398 citations
6. [Problem Posing as a Learning Model to Improve Primary School Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes in Gayo Lues](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4410211868) · 279 citations
7. [Prospective study design and data analysis in UK Biobank](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4390691633) · 278 citations · Free PDF
8. [Recent Advances in Group-Based Trajectory Modeling for Clinical Research](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4391993293) · 264 citations
9. [Causal Inference About the Effects of Interventions From Observational Studies in Medical Journals](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4396768342) · 237 citations
10. [On the use of post-hoc tests in environmental and biological sciences: A critical review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4391247400) · 217 citations
11. [Methods of determining optimal cut-point of diagnostic biomarkers with application of clinical data in ROC analysis: an update review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4394572337) · 202 citations · Free PDF
12. [New clinical trial design in precision medicine: discovery, development and direction](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4392372466) · 197 citations · Free PDF
13. [Evaluation of clinical prediction models (part 3): calculating the sample size required for an external validation study](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4391100790) · 187 citations · Free PDF
14. [Reweighting UK Biobank corrects for pervasive selection bias due to volunteering](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4396729544) · 186 citations
15. [Deep learning for survival analysis: a review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4391942283) · 182 citations · Free PDF
16. [Essentials of Econometrics](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4396760380) · 156 citations
17. [Understanding overfitting in random forest for probability estimation: a visualization and simulation study](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4402922011) · 150 citations · Free PDF
18. [Channel Estimation for Movable-Antenna MIMO Systems via Tensor Decomposition](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4401990766) · 145 citations · Free PDF
19. [Comparison of the effects of imputation methods for missing data in predictive modelling of cohort study datasets](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4391882540) · 141 citations · Free PDF
20. [On Binscatter](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4396512504) · 139 citations
21. [Evaluating the relative importance of predictors in Generalized Additive Models using the gam.hp R package](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4399709865) · 134 citations
22. [Data Distribution: Normal or Abnormal?](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4390886282) · 131 citations
23. [Causal Inference Methods for Combining Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: A Review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3099982168) · 128 citations · Free PDF
24. [Determining a Meaningful R-squared Value in Clinical Medicine](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4404089689) · 128 citations
25. [Fusion category symmetry. Part I. Anomaly in-flow and gapped phases](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4395071929) · 121 citations · Free PDF

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