# Most-cited Mathematics papers of 2019, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Mathematics research papers published in 2019, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [Moving to a World Beyond “ p < 0.05”](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2922853138) · 2,983 citations
2. [Multicollinearity and misleading statistical results](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2957606078) · 2,829 citations
3. [Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2909055311) · 2,617 citations
4. [Calibration: the Achilles heel of predictive analytics](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2996480032) · 2,431 citations · Free PDF
5. [Computational Optimal Transport with Applications to Data Sciences](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3039256091) · 2,335 citations
6. [Generalized random forests](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2730059782) · 1,914 citations · Free PDF
7. [How to perform and report an impactful analysis using partial least squares: Guidelines for confirmatory and explanatory IS research](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2945049087) · 1,772 citations
8. [Why Propensity Scores Should Not Be Used for Matching](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2910632137) · 1,672 citations
9. [Hyperparameters and tuning strategies for random forest](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2797928606) · 1,641 citations · Free PDF
10. [Principles of confounder selection](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2921495327) · 1,520 citations · Free PDF
11. [bayestestR: Describing Effects and their Uncertainty, Existence and Significance within the Bayesian Framework](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2968619018) · 1,501 citations · Free PDF
12. [Using simulation studies to evaluate statistical methods](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2775363893) · 1,303 citations · Free PDF
13. [Statistical predictions with glmnet](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2969705573) · 1,205 citations · Free PDF
14. [Hierarchical generalized additive models in ecology: an introduction with mgcv](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2947802409) · 1,202 citations
15. [Elasticities and the Inverse Hyperbolic Sine Transformation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2927298185) · 1,189 citations
16. [Tensor Robust Principal Component Analysis with a New Tensor Nuclear Norm](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2963885538) · 1,159 citations
17. [Machine Learning Methods That Economists Should Know About](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2922705140) · 1,153 citations
18. [A simple, step-by-step guide to interpreting decision curve analysis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2977262858) · 1,147 citations · Free PDF
19. [Visualization in Bayesian Workflow](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2753599755) · 1,094 citations · Free PDF
20. [Metalearners for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects using machine learning](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2624816748) · 1,075 citations · Free PDF
21. [Making Sense of Sensitivity: Extending Omitted Variable Bias](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2996483157) · 1,070 citations
22. [The proportion of missing data should not be used to guide decisions on multiple imputation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2920529430) · 1,060 citations
23. [Balance diagnostics after propensity score matching](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2904964912) · 1,031 citations
24. [Using simulation studies to evaluate statistical methods](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3098865414) · 1,022 citations
25. [Conditional Process Analysis: Concepts, Computation, and Advances in the Modeling of the Contingencies of Mechanisms](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2958931065) · 1,009 citations

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/mathematics/most-cited-2019