# Most-cited Immunology and Microbiology papers of 2025, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Immunology and Microbiology research papers published in 2025, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [Type 2 immunity in allergic diseases](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4407638922) · 359 citations · Free PDF
2. [Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4408168262) · 356 citations
3. [Human inborn errors of immunity: 2024 update on the classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409474117) · 342 citations · Free PDF
4. [Dual roles and therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironments](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4413505911) · 325 citations · Free PDF
5. [RNA neoantigen vaccines prime long-lived CD8+ T cells in pancreatic cancer](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4407722177) · 318 citations
6. [Pattern recognition receptors: function, regulation and therapeutic potential](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4412170483) · 301 citations · Free PDF
7. [The Role of Inflammation in Cancer: Mechanisms of Tumor Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4408833150) · 269 citations
8. [Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment and their targeting in cancer therapy](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406169192) · 225 citations · Free PDF
9. [A neoantigen vaccine generates antitumour immunity in renal cell carcinoma](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4407157630) · 206 citations
10. [Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406121395) · 187 citations · Free PDF
11. [The 2024 update of IUIS phenotypic classification of human inborn errors of immunity](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409479648) · 184 citations · Free PDF
12. [Tumor-associated macrophages remodel the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and targeted therapy for immunotherapy](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4410386140) · 182 citations · Free PDF
13. [Antimicrobial peptide biological activity, delivery systems and clinical translation status and challenges](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4408239302) · 177 citations
14. [An examination of the LPS-TLR4 immune response through the analysis of molecular structures and protein–protein interactions](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4408545883) · 176 citations · Free PDF
15. [The cGAS‒STING pathway in cancer immunity: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic implications](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409185733) · 165 citations · Free PDF
16. [Mitochondrial DNA released by senescent tumor cells enhances PMN-MDSC-driven immunosuppression through the cGAS-STING pathway](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409254393) · 162 citations · Free PDF
17. [Regulatory T cells in homeostasis and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4415158474) · 146 citations · Free PDF
18. [The Global Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance: Mechanisms, Case Studies, and Mitigation Approaches](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4412586926) · 141 citations
19. [Regulation of the cGAS-STING Pathway](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4408436779) · 138 citations
20. [The future of antibiotic use in livestock](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409050825) · 130 citations
21. [Distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations in human glioblastoma](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406439926) · 128 citations · Free PDF
22. [IL-33-activated ILC2s induce tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406385625) · 127 citations · Free PDF
23. [Tecovirimat for Clade I MPXV Infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409488174) · 126 citations
24. [Demystifying the cGAS-STING pathway: precision regulation in the tumor immune microenvironment](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4411254832) · 125 citations · Free PDF
25. [Advances in antimicrobial peptides: From mechanistic insights to chemical modifications](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4408948518) · 119 citations · Free PDF

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/immunology-and-microbiology/most-cited-2025