# Most-cited Immunology and Microbiology papers of 2019, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Immunology and Microbiology research papers published in 2019, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [The Tumor Microenvironment Innately Modulates Cancer Progression](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2966710588) · 3,272 citations
2. [Diversity, Mechanisms, and Significance of Macrophage Plasticity](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2974291499) · 2,195 citations
3. [Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2924895007) · 2,068 citations · Free PDF
4. [Macrophage Polarization: Different Gene Signatures in M1(LPS+) vs. Classically and M2(LPS–) vs. Alternatively Activated Macrophages](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2945777288) · 2,067 citations · Free PDF
5. [The Metabolic Signature of Macrophage Responses](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2955084980) · 2,021 citations · Free PDF
6. [Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications and Costs](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2996508375) · 1,991 citations · Free PDF
7. [Immunity and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2908630152) · 1,703 citations
8. [Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2963541510) · 1,646 citations
9. [Tumor-associated macrophages in tumor metastasis: biological roles and clinical therapeutic applications](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2960078024) · 1,403 citations · Free PDF
10. [Inflammation and cancer](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2968972266) · 1,341 citations
11. [Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2918621261) · 1,300 citations
12. [The Cytosolic DNA-Sensing cGAS–STING Pathway in Cancer](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2995171541) · 1,286 citations
13. [The Neutrophil’s Role During Health and Disease](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2914524806) · 1,182 citations
14. [Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2973432546) · 1,148 citations
15. [Two distinct interstitial macrophage populations coexist across tissues in specific subtissular niches](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2921168633) · 1,118 citations
16. [Tumor-associated macrophages: an accomplice in solid tumor progression](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2980823965) · 1,097 citations · Free PDF
17. [cGAS in action: Expanding roles in immunity and inflammation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2921875691) · 1,071 citations
18. [The antimicrobial peptides and their potential clinical applications.](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2981285269) · 1,053 citations
19. [Regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer: Can Treg cells be a new therapeutic target?](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2946663348) · 1,044 citations
20. [Interferon-Stimulated Genes: What Do They All Do?](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2959449984) · 1,033 citations
21. [Caplacizumab Treatment for Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2910737538) · 1,027 citations
22. [The vaginal microbiome and preterm birth](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2947640277) · 985 citations · Free PDF
23. [Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2982252373) · 980 citations
24. [Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2921553057) · 944 citations
25. [The role of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2945953423) · 926 citations

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/immunology-and-microbiology/most-cited-2019