# Most-cited Immunology and Microbiology papers of 2016, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Immunology and Microbiology research papers published in 2016, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [Implementing an Antibiotic Stewardship Program: Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2337544276) · 3,065 citations
2. [Macrophage Polarization](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4213245349) · 2,973 citations
3. [Trained immunity: A program of innate immune memory in health and disease](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2336656712) · 2,741 citations
4. [Recommendations for myeloid-derived suppressor cell nomenclature and characterization standards](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2471500324) · 2,740 citations · Free PDF
5. [Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2274924551) · 2,168 citations · Free PDF
6. [Antimicrobial Peptides: An Emerging Category of Therapeutic Agents](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2562261325) · 1,932 citations · Free PDF
7. [L-Arginine Modulates T Cell Metabolism and Enhances Survival and Anti-tumor Activity](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2530067632) · 1,755 citations
8. [Prevalence of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescriptions Among US Ambulatory Care Visits, 2010-2011](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2347049117) · 1,737 citations
9. [Will 10 Million People Die a Year due to Antimicrobial Resistance by 2050?](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2558941103) · 1,602 citations · Free PDF
10. [T-Cell Transfer Therapy Targeting Mutant KRAS in Cancer](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2559953355) · 1,358 citations
11. [Senescent intimal foam cells are deleterious at all stages of atherosclerosis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2544670169) · 1,184 citations · Free PDF
12. [A systematic review of worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2510661649) · 1,155 citations
13. [Follicular Helper T Cells](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2137446997) · 1,150 citations
14. [Macrophage Phenotype and Function in Different Stages of Atherosclerosis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2276012049) · 1,119 citations
15. [2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America’s Clinical Practice Guidelines for Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis and Meningitis*](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2588163058) · 1,065 citations
16. [Regulatory evolution of innate immunity through co-option of endogenous retroviruses](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2290849670) · 1,017 citations
17. [Hobit and Blimp1 instruct a universal transcriptional program of tissue residency in lymphocytes](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2336322268) · 1,011 citations
18. [Mitochondrial Dysfunction Prevents Repolarization of Inflammatory Macrophages](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2530726117) · 1,011 citations
19. [From Q Fever to Coxiella burnetii Infection: a Paradigm Change](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2554655922) · 1,008 citations · Free PDF
20. [Cancer cells induce metastasis-supporting neutrophil extracellular DNA traps](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2534066964) · 982 citations
21. [The epigenetic landscape of T cell exhaustion](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2545009331) · 979 citations · Free PDF
22. [Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells exhibit enhanced responses against myeloid leukemia](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2521461373) · 942 citations
23. [Tuft cells, taste-chemosensory cells, orchestrate parasite type 2 immunity in the gut](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2278768857) · 929 citations
24. [Glutaminolysis and Fumarate Accumulation Integrate Immunometabolic and Epigenetic Programs in Trained Immunity](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2557169014) · 915 citations
25. [Trimethylamine N‐Oxide Promotes Vascular Inflammation Through Signaling of Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor‐κB](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2288501492) · 902 citations · Free PDF

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