# Most-cited Genetics and Biochemistry papers of 2021, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Genetics and Biochemistry research papers published in 2021, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3177828909) · 43,926 citations · Free PDF
2. [MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4251751280) · 22,559 citations
3. [Twelve years of SAMtools and BCFtools](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3131055609) · 15,657 citations · Free PDF
4. [Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3164692211) · 15,483 citations · Free PDF
5. [clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3175752499) · 12,466 citations · Free PDF
6. [Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3156458251) · 11,300 citations
7. [Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3132661792) · 8,279 citations · Free PDF
8. [AlphaFold Protein Structure Database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3211795435) · 7,899 citations
9. [BUSCO Update: Novel and Streamlined Workflows along with Broader and Deeper Phylogenetic Coverage for Scoring of Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic, and Viral Genomes](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3175616293) · 6,159 citations · Free PDF
10. [Accurate prediction of protein structures and interactions using a three-track neural network](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3186179742) · 5,536 citations · Free PDF
11. [eggNOG-mapper v2: Functional Annotation, Orthology Assignments, and Domain Prediction at the Metagenomic Scale](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3203343200) · 5,328 citations · Free PDF
12. [Sensitive protein alignments at tree-of-life scale using DIAMOND](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3143063265) · 5,093 citations · Free PDF
13. [MetaboAnalyst 5.0: narrowing the gap between raw spectra and functional insights](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3159995035) · 3,997 citations
14. [Gene Set Knowledge Discovery with Enrichr](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3145969289) · 3,561 citations
15. [Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3159728495) · 3,153 citations · Free PDF
16. [Biological structure and function emerge from scaling unsupervised learning to 250 million protein sequences](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3146944767) · 3,123 citations · Free PDF
17. [Highly accurate protein structure prediction for the human proteome](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3183475563) · 3,047 citations · Free PDF
18. [Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4289274885) · 2,825 citations
19. [The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3157638995) · 2,784 citations · Free PDF
20. [Multivariable association discovery in population-scale meta-omics studies](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3211779138) · 2,601 citations · Free PDF
21. [Large-scale cis- and trans-eQTL analyses identify thousands of genetic loci and polygenic scores that regulate blood gene expression](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3197364483) · 2,580 citations · Free PDF
22. [HMDB 5.0: the Human Metabolome Database for 2022](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4206447491) · 2,537 citations
23. [The carbohydrate-active enzyme database: functions and literature](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3217216416) · 2,475 citations
24. [GTDB: an ongoing census of bacterial and archaeal diversity through a phylogenetically consistent, rank normalized and complete genome-based taxonomy](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3200103613) · 2,412 citations
25. [The reactome pathway knowledgebase 2022](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3211402536) · 2,361 citations

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/genetics-and-biochemistry/most-cited-2021