# Most-cited Engineering papers of 2025, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Engineering research papers published in 2025, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 66)](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4410734662) · 763 citations
2. [Electronic structure formed by Y2O3-doping in lithium position assists improvement of charging-voltage for high-nickel cathodes](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406003536) · 512 citations · Free PDF
3. [Homogenized chlorine distribution for >27% power conversion efficiency in perovskite solar cells](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4415970745) · 460 citations
4. [Critically assessing sodium-ion technology roadmaps and scenarios for techno-economic competitiveness against lithium-ion batteries](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406333986) · 452 citations · Free PDF
5. [Advancing energy storage: The future trajectory of lithium-ion battery technologies](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409197646) · 448 citations
6. [Phototherapy in cancer treatment: strategies and challenges](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409119844) · 418 citations
7. [Selectivity in Chemiresistive Gas Sensors: Strategies and Challenges](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409250270) · 411 citations
8. [Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Water Electrolysis: Cell-Level Considerations for Gigawatt-Scale Deployment](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4407087511) · 404 citations · Free PDF
9. [Lithium-ion batteries and the future of sustainable energy: A comprehensive review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4411868061) · 394 citations
10. [Comprehensive Review on the Structural Diversity and Versatility of Multi-Resonance Fluorescence Emitters: Advance, Challenges, and Prospects toward OLEDs](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4410224650) · 325 citations
11. [Triboelectric tactile sensor for pressure and temperature sensing in high-temperature applications](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406028065) · 291 citations · Free PDF
12. [Advances in lignocellulosic feedstocks for bioenergy and bioproducts](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4407065572) · 265 citations · Free PDF
13. [Self-assembled bilayer for perovskite solar cells with improved tolerance against thermal stresses](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406104388) · 263 citations · Free PDF
14. [Face-on oriented self-assembled molecules with enhanced π–π stacking for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells on rough FTO substrates](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4407300985) · 252 citations
15. [Nanomedicine: How nanomaterials are transforming drug delivery, bio-imaging, and diagnosis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406071921) · 248 citations
16. [Integrating artificial intelligence in energy transition: A comprehensive review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406070501) · 244 citations
17. [Novel approaches to aqueous zinc-ion batteries: Challenges, strategies, and prospects](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409589926) · 240 citations
18. [Machine learning in point-of-care testing: innovations, challenges, and opportunities](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4409147844) · 238 citations · Free PDF
19. [Characterizing Electrode Materials and Interfaces in Solid-State Batteries](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4407133916) · 233 citations
20. [Diluted Ternary Heterojunctions to Suppress Charge Recombination for Organic Solar Cells with 21% Efficiency](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4407671350) · 232 citations
21. [A manufacturable platform for photonic quantum computing](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4407956947) · 230 citations · Free PDF
22. [Mechanically robust and stretchable organic solar cells plasticized by small-molecule acceptors](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406753283) · 229 citations
23. [The evolution of lithium-ion battery recycling](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406382476) · 227 citations · Free PDF
24. [Flexible-Antenna Systems: A Pinching-Antenna Perspective](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4408934948) · 223 citations
25. [Fiber-reinforced composites for aerospace, energy, and marine applications: an insight into failure mechanisms under chemical, thermal, oxidative, and mechanical load conditions](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4406805725) · 222 citations · Free PDF

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