# Most-cited Engineering papers of 2023, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Engineering research papers published in 2023, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4385318467) · 5,766 citations · Free PDF
2. [On the Road to 6G: Visions, Requirements, Key Technologies, and Testbeds](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4322576964) · 2,335 citations · Free PDF
3. [ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repository](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2190691619) · 1,952 citations
4. [Photothermal Nanomaterials: A Powerful Light-to-Heat Converter](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4367834307) · 1,948 citations
5. [Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4323653529) · 1,390 citations · Free PDF
6. [Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies: Synergy Opportunities for Nanomedicine](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4367180472) · 1,323 citations
7. [YOLO-v1 to YOLO-v8, the Rise of YOLO and Its Complementary Nature toward Digital Manufacturing and Industrial Defect Detection](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4382059335) · 1,208 citations · Free PDF
8. [Lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural waste to the circular economy: a review with focus on biofuels, biocomposites and bioplastics](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4327583885) · 1,198 citations
9. [Minimizing buried interfacial defects for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4367173694) · 1,162 citations
10. [Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in advanced robotics, a review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4362663195) · 1,111 citations · Free PDF
11. [Nanotechnology: A Revolution in Modern Industry](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4313889995) · 1,097 citations · Free PDF
12. [Development and applications of aluminum alloys for aerospace industry](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4387182223) · 1,047 citations
13. [Stabilized hole-selective layer for high-performance inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4387770902) · 863 citations
14. [Revealing the closed pore formation of waste wood-derived hard carbon for advanced sodium-ion battery](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4387098915) · 852 citations · Free PDF
15. [Energy consumption of current and future production of lithium-ion and post lithium-ion battery cells](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4387141402) · 851 citations · Free PDF
16. [Statistical evaluation of DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Folin-Ciocalteu assays to assess the antioxidant capacity of lignins](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4318761197) · 834 citations
17. [Lithium Batteries and the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)—Progress and Outlook](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4317387800) · 832 citations
18. [A non-academic perspective on the future of lithium-based batteries](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4318049711) · 822 citations
19. [Extracorporeal Life Support in Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4386208393) · 799 citations
20. [Homogenizing out-of-plane cation composition in perovskite solar cells](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4388142081) · 796 citations · Free PDF
21. [Neuromorphic sensorimotor loop embodied by monolithically integrated, low-voltage, soft e-skin](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4377013998) · 793 citations
22. [Training Spiking Neural Networks Using Lessons From Deep Learning](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3201870057) · 783 citations · Free PDF
23. [Multi-material additive manufacturing: A systematic review of design, properties, applications, challenges, and 3D printing of materials and cellular metamaterials](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4318205606) · 777 citations
24. [Accelerating the energy transition towards photovoltaic and wind in China](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4385295057) · 762 citations · Free PDF
25. [Bimolecularly passivated interface enables efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4388726580) · 760 citations · Free PDF

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