# Most-cited Energy papers of 2023, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Energy research papers published in 2023, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [A comprehensive review on the electrochemical parameters and recent material development of electrochemical water splitting electrocatalysts](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4318068234) · 868 citations
2. [A review of hybrid renewable energy systems: Solar and wind-powered solutions: Challenges, opportunities, and policy implications](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4388948709) · 837 citations
3. [La- and Mn-doped cobalt spinel oxygen evolution catalyst for proton exchange membrane electrolysis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4376128906) · 831 citations
4. [Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reaction Catalysts: From In Situ Monitoring and Reaction Mechanisms to Rational Design](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4328051836) · 803 citations
5. [Hydrogen production by water electrolysis technologies: A review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4386858645) · 726 citations
6. [Strategies to save energy in the context of the energy crisis: a review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4360612111) · 691 citations · Free PDF
7. [Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4318823140) · 600 citations · Free PDF
8. [Revealing the role of interfacial water and key intermediates at ruthenium surfaces in the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4386304401) · 586 citations · Free PDF
9. [Construction of 2D S‐Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4388910781) · 586 citations
10. [Energy storage technologies: An integrated survey of developments, global economical/environmental effects, optimal scheduling model, and sustainable adaption policies](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4386006872) · 585 citations
11. [Boosting Oxygen Electrocatalytic Activity of Fe–N–C Catalysts by Phosphorus Incorporation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4319294625) · 574 citations
12. [Regulating electronic states of nitride/hydroxide to accelerate kinetics for oxygen evolution at large current density](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4362601426) · 558 citations · Free PDF
13. [Tracking the Role of Defect Types in Co 3 O 4 Structural Evolution and Active Motifs during Oxygen Evolution Reaction](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4317399548) · 548 citations
14. [High Durability of Fe–N–C Single‐Atom Catalysts with Carbon Vacancies toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4315629287) · 546 citations · Free PDF
15. [Electrocatalytic Upcycling of Biomass and Plastic Wastes to Biodegradable Polymer Monomers and Hydrogen Fuel at High Current Densities](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4321166932) · 543 citations
16. [High-entropy alloys in electrocatalysis: from fundamentals to applications](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4388296011) · 542 citations
17. [Unraveling oxygen vacancy site mechanism of Rh-doped RuO2 catalyst for long-lasting acidic water oxidation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4324141467) · 537 citations · Free PDF
18. [Recent advances in semiconductor heterojunctions: a detailed review of the fundamentals of photocatalysis, charge transfer mechanism and materials](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4387109629) · 537 citations
19. [Switching the Oxygen Evolution Mechanism on Atomically Dispersed Ru for Enhanced Acidic Reaction Kinetics](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4387871884) · 530 citations
20. [A corrosion-resistant RuMoNi catalyst for efficient and long-lasting seawater oxidation and anion exchange membrane electrolyzer](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4381094969) · 527 citations · Free PDF
21. [Hydrogen society: from present to future](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4386611400) · 527 citations
22. [Water electrolysis for hydrogen production: from hybrid systems to self-powered/catalyzed devices](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4388442631) · 517 citations
23. [A high-entropy atomic environment converts inactive to active sites for electrocatalysis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4313551473) · 513 citations
24. [Developing Ni single-atom sites in carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4388414868) · 486 citations · Free PDF
25. [Customized reaction route for ruthenium oxide towards stabilized water oxidation in high-performance PEM electrolyzers](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4321004412) · 479 citations · Free PDF

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