# Most-cited Energy papers of 2020, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Energy research papers published in 2020, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [A review on fundamentals for designing oxygen evolution electrocatalysts](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3009722102) · 2,932 citations
2. [MOF-derived electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3004787932) · 1,704 citations
3. [CO 2 electrolysis to multicarbon products at activities greater than 1 A cm −2](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3005205992) · 1,513 citations
4. [Unique S-scheme heterojunctions in self-assembled TiO2/CsPbBr3 hybrids for CO2 photoreduction](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3085189088) · 1,477 citations · Free PDF
5. [Operando Identification of the Dynamic Behavior of Oxygen Vacancy-Rich Co 3 O 4 for Oxygen Evolution Reaction](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3035082486) · 1,456 citations
6. [Non‐Noble‐Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts toward the Oxygen Evolution Reaction](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3006115260) · 1,240 citations
7. [In-situ structure and catalytic mechanism of NiFe and CoFe layered double hydroxides during oxygen evolution](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3027009873) · 1,218 citations · Free PDF
8. [Designing a 0D/2D S‐Scheme Heterojunction over Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Inactivation of Bacteria](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2999998096) · 1,178 citations
9. [A critical review of comparative global historical energy consumption and future demand: The story told so far](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3046671056) · 1,142 citations
10. [Recent Advances on Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysis Mediated by Noble‐Metal‐Based Nanostructured Materials](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3004628496) · 1,063 citations
11. [Boosting Oxygen Reduction of Single Iron Active Sites via Geometric and Electronic Engineering: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dual Coordination](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2998215827) · 1,060 citations
12. [Heterogeneous Single-Atom Photocatalysts: Fundamentals and Applications](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3011252584) · 1,057 citations
13. [Metallic nanostructures with low dimensionality for electrochemical water splitting](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3017309771) · 1,052 citations
14. [Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Metal Oxide Electrodes for Energy Applications](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2997547499) · 1,044 citations
15. [Advanced Electrocatalysts with Single-Metal-Atom Active Sites](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3094777310) · 1,009 citations
16. [Piezocatalysis and Piezo‐Photocatalysis: Catalysts Classification and Modification Strategy, Reaction Mechanism, and Practical Application](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3083997542) · 996 citations
17. [Transition metal nitrides for electrochemical energy applications](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3111364251) · 994 citations
18. [Mechanism of Oxygen Evolution Catalyzed by Cobalt Oxyhydroxide: Cobalt Superoxide Species as a Key Intermediate and Dioxygen Release as a Rate-Determining Step](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3034716826) · 989 citations
19. [Single-Atom Vacancy Defect to Trigger High-Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution of MoS 2](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3003801010) · 974 citations
20. [Influence of Bubbles on the Energy Conversion Efficiency of Electrochemical Reactors](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3004289541) · 963 citations · Free PDF
21. [The role of oxygen vacancies of ABO 3 perovskite oxides in the oxygen reduction reaction](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3011660275) · 955 citations
22. [“The Fe Effect”: A review unveiling the critical roles of Fe in enhancing OER activity of Ni and Co based catalysts](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3093062968) · 943 citations
23. [Challenges of renewable energy penetration on power system flexibility: A survey](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3049476145) · 941 citations
24. [Engineering unsymmetrically coordinated Cu-S1N3 single atom sites with enhanced oxygen reduction activity](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3034967233) · 936 citations · Free PDF
25. [Role of energy storage systems in energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3001937224) · 925 citations

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/energy/most-cited-2020