# Most-cited Energy papers of 2018, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Energy research papers published in 2018, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [How To Correctly Determine the Band Gap Energy of Modified Semiconductor Photocatalysts Based on UV–Vis Spectra](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2902386805) · 5,221 citations
2. [The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2905218447) · 4,154 citations
3. [Understanding Catalytic Activity Trends in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2785768358) · 2,768 citations
4. [Review of electrical energy storage technologies, materials and systems: challenges and prospects for large-scale grid storage](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W4211137059) · 2,590 citations
5. [CO 2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2804235153) · 2,511 citations
6. [Recent developments in heterogeneous photocatalysts for solar-driven overall water splitting](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2896858547) · 2,312 citations
7. [The promising future of microalgae: current status, challenges, and optimization of a sustainable and renewable industry for biofuels, feed, and other products](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2802803660) · 2,075 citations
8. [Emerging Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Electrocatalysis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2790188621) · 2,035 citations
9. [Solar absorber material and system designs for photothermal water vaporization towards clean water and energy production](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2884737554) · 2,008 citations
10. [Innovative Strategies for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2790511133) · 1,980 citations
11. [Core–Shell ZIF-8@ZIF-67-Derived CoP Nanoparticle-Embedded N-Doped Carbon Nanotube Hollow Polyhedron for Efficient Overall Water Splitting](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2783148362) · 1,953 citations
12. [CdS-Based photocatalysts](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2794942920) · 1,750 citations
13. [Transition Metal Oxides as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Solutions: An Application-Inspired Renaissance](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2804339411) · 1,725 citations
14. [Precision and correctness in the evaluation of electrocatalytic water splitting: revisiting activity parameters with a critical assessment](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2787901841) · 1,636 citations
15. [General Techno-Economic Analysis of CO 2 Electrolysis Systems](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2784681531) · 1,624 citations
16. [2D/2D Heterojunction of Ultrathin MXene/Bi 2 WO 6 Nanosheets for Improved Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2797344004) · 1,543 citations
17. [Cocatalysts in Semiconductor‐based Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction: Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2783670792) · 1,530 citations
18. [Heterostructures for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: A Review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2887502181) · 1,430 citations
19. [Defect-rich and ultrathin N doped carbon nanosheets as advanced trifunctional metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR, OER and HER](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2900486057) · 1,408 citations
20. [Design of Single-Atom Co–N5 Catalytic Site: A Robust Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction with Nearly 100% CO Selectivity and Remarkable Stability](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2789860986) · 1,245 citations
21. [Construction of ZnIn 2 S 4 –In 2 O 3 Hierarchical Tubular Heterostructures for Efficient CO 2 Photoreduction](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2794692883) · 1,229 citations
22. [Toward the Decentralized Electrochemical Production of H 2 O 2 : A Focus on the Catalysis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2795293472) · 1,222 citations
23. [High-performance bifunctional porous non-noble metal phosphide catalyst for overall water splitting](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2810479593) · 1,173 citations · Free PDF
24. [Homogeneously Catalyzed Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide—Methods, Mechanisms, and Catalysts](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2782879485) · 1,169 citations
25. [Quantifying hot carrier and thermal contributions in plasmonic photocatalysis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2895356586) · 1,147 citations

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/energy/most-cited-2018