# Most-cited Earth and Planetary Sciences papers of 2021, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Earth and Planetary Sciences research papers published in 2021, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [Anomalous collapses of Nares Strait ice arches leads to enhanced export of Arctic sea ice](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3119774682) · 5,162 citations · Free PDF
2. [IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3163436326) · 1,131 citations · Free PDF
3. [Skilful precipitation nowcasting using deep generative models of radar](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3202525453) · 1,013 citations · Free PDF
4. [Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Database Created by the China Meteorological Administration](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3114394032) · 768 citations · Free PDF
5. [Gravitational circulation in straits and estuaries](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W657074512) · 701 citations
6. [An Atlas of Phanerozoic Paleogeographic Maps: The Seas Come In and the Seas Go Out](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3139147700) · 692 citations
7. [The ERA5 global reanalysis: Preliminary extension to 1950](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3204829776) · 690 citations
8. [The Copernicus Global 1/12° Oceanic and Sea Ice GLORYS12 Reanalysis](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3190223961) · 674 citations · Free PDF
9. [FES2014 global ocean tide atlas: design and performance](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3159456607) · 670 citations · Free PDF
10. [Physics-informed machine learning: case studies for weather and climate modelling](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3133294546) · 666 citations
11. [Can deep learning beat numerical weather prediction?](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3132280960) · 569 citations
12. [Abating ammonia is more cost-effective than nitrogen oxides for mitigating PM 2.5 air pollution](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3208793204) · 567 citations
13. [Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3145323572) · 564 citations · Free PDF
14. [Superconductivity up to 243 K in the yttrium-hydrogen system under high pressure](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3194629154) · 535 citations · Free PDF
15. [Long‐term declines and recovery of meadow area across the world’s seagrass bioregions](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3163862021) · 508 citations
16. [Anomalous High‐Temperature Superconductivity in YH 6](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3134814034) · 467 citations · Free PDF
17. [ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON FOR THE PERIOD 1950–2019](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3217627262) · 455 citations · Free PDF
18. [Reduced microbial stability in the active layer is associated with carbon loss under alpine permafrost degradation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3169250239) · 437 citations
19. [Ground-based validation of the Copernicus Sentinel-5P TROPOMI NO 2 measurements with the NDACC ZSL-DOAS, MAX-DOAS and Pandonia global networks](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3033069661) · 435 citations · Free PDF
20. [Ice Inhibition for Cryopreservation: Materials, Strategies, and Challenges](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3127488895) · 422 citations
21. [Ozone pollution in the North China Plain spreading into the late-winter haze season](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3135158015) · 417 citations
22. [The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model versions 5.3 and 5.3.1: system updates and evaluation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3096412676) · 414 citations · Free PDF
23. [Spatial heterogeneity and environmental predictors of permafrost region soil organic carbon stocks](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3132150883) · 391 citations · Free PDF
24. [Fly ash properties, characterization, and applications: A review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3182554663) · 368 citations
25. [High Mountain Asian glacier response to climate revealed by multi-temporal satellite observations since the 1960s](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3180447170) · 367 citations · Free PDF

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/earth-and-planetary-sciences/most-cited-2021