# Most-cited Earth and Planetary Sciences papers of 2019, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Earth and Planetary Sciences research papers published in 2019, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [Permafrost is warming at a global scale](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2908898337) · 2,080 citations · Free PDF
2. [Four decades of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance from 1979–2017](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2908740848) · 1,652 citations
3. [The CAMS reanalysis of atmospheric composition](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2900933286) · 1,488 citations · Free PDF
4. [Evidence for Superconductivity above 260 K in Lanthanum Superhydride at Megabar Pressures](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2888364746) · 1,473 citations · Free PDF
5. [Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part II: Projected Response to Anthropogenic Warming](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2966162113) · 1,352 citations
6. [New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2982675481) · 1,282 citations · Free PDF
7. [Northern Hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modelling for 2000–2016 at 1 km2 scale](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2942435959) · 1,229 citations
8. [Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2991998196) · 1,213 citations · Free PDF
9. [Contributions of GRACE to understanding climate change](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2936023010) · 1,099 citations · Free PDF
10. [Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning – an updated assessment](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2935360109) · 1,095 citations · Free PDF
11. [Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2917630884) · 1,087 citations
12. [Severe haze in northern China: A synergy of anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric processes](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2939064738) · 1,018 citations
13. [Towards a more reliable historical reanalysis: Improvements for version 3 of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis system](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2954976262) · 1,013 citations · Free PDF
14. [Synthesis of clathrate cerium superhydride CeH9 at 80-100 GPa with atomic hydrogen sublattice](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2922790815) · 1,007 citations · Free PDF
15. [Global Bathymetry and Topography at 15 Arc Sec: SRTM15+](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2968914048) · 1,007 citations
16. [The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO 2 from 1994 to 2007](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2922127343) · 994 citations · Free PDF
17. [Forty-six years of Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance from 1972 to 2018](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2938442499) · 983 citations · Free PDF
18. [FaultSeg3D: Using synthetic data sets to train an end-to-end convolutional neural network for 3D seismic fault segmentation](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2911424749) · 898 citations
19. [The ECMWF operational ensemble reanalysis–analysis system for ocean and sea ice: a description of the system and assessment](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2908773481) · 885 citations · Free PDF
20. [Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2926348723) · 870 citations
21. [Building mountain biodiversity: Geological and evolutionary processes](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2973050715) · 822 citations
22. [A global assessment of marine heatwaves and their drivers](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2952780249) · 773 citations · Free PDF
23. [Mesozoic–Cenozoic geological evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen and working tectonic hypotheses](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2946391716) · 760 citations
24. [A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2955601254) · 729 citations
25. [Regional Estimates of Chemical Composition of Fine Particulate Matter Using a Combined Geoscience-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2912034185) · 726 citations

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