Most-cited Computer Science papers of 2025, with free PDFs
The 25 most-cited Computer Science research papers published in 2025, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.
- DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning
Daya Guo, Dejian Yang et al. · 2025 · 1,086 citations · Free PDF - Accurate predictions on small data with a tabular foundation model
Noah Hollmann, Samuel Müller et al. · 2025 · 977 citations · Free PDF - Multiscale structural similarity for image quality assessment
Zhou Wang · 2025 · 876 citations - A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models
Humza Naveed, Asad Ullah Khan et al. · 2025 · 735 citations - Agentic AI: Autonomous Intelligence for Complex Goals—A Comprehensive Survey
Deepak Bhaskar Acharya, Karthigeyan Kuppan et al. · 2025 · 691 citations - Abstract Functional Language Logic: A Competitive Mixture of Experts Architecture for Paradox-Free Reasoning and Adaptive Intelligence
Torres H., Juan P. · 2025 · 585 citations - VM-UNet: Vision Mamba UNet for Medical Image Segmentation
Jiacheng Ruan, Jincheng Li et al. · 2025 · 584 citations - Unleashing the potential of prompt engineering for large language models
B.‐C. CHEN, Zhaofeng Zhang et al. · 2025 · 495 citations · Free PDF - Medical SAM adapter: Adapting segment anything model for medical image segmentation
Junde Wu, Ziyue Wang et al. · 2025 · 463 citations · Free PDF - The Faiss Library
Matthijs Douze, Alexandr Guzhva et al. · 2025 · 444 citations · Free PDF - A comprehensive survey of loss functions and metrics in deep learning
Juan R. Terven, Diana Margarita Córdova Esparza et al. · 2025 · 343 citations · Free PDF - Security and Privacy Challenges of Large Language Models: A Survey
Badhan Chandra Das, M. Hadi Amini et al. · 2025 · 331 citations - The GSA Family in 2025: A Broadened Sharing Platform for Multi-omics and Multimodal Data
Sisi Zhang, Xu Chen et al. · 2025 · 331 citations · Free PDF - Artificial lemming algorithm: a novel bionic meta-heuristic technique for solving real-world engineering optimization problems
Yaning Xiao, Hao Cui et al. · 2025 · 327 citations - PLIP 2025: introducing protein–protein interactions to the protein–ligand interaction profiler
Philipp Schake, Sarah Naomi Bolz et al. · 2025 · 318 citations - YOLO advances to its genesis: a decadal and comprehensive review of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) series
Ranjan Sapkota, Marco Flores-Calero et al. · 2025 · 304 citations · Free PDF - Generative artificial intelligence in higher education: Evidence from an analysis of institutional policies and guidelines
Nora McDonald, Aditya Johri et al. · 2025 · 300 citations · Free PDF - Foundation Models Defining a New Era in Vision: A Survey and Outlook
Muhammad Awais, Muzammal Naseer et al. · 2025 · 281 citations - Generative AI in Higher Education: Balancing Innovation and Integrity
Nigel Francis, Sue Jones et al. · 2025 · 274 citations - Digital learning in the 21st century: trends, challenges, and innovations in technology integration
Yumei Zou, Florence Kuek et al. · 2025 · 272 citations - The role of agentic AI in shaping a smart future: A systematic review
Soodeh Hosseini, Hossein Seilani · 2025 · 264 citations - MB-TaylorFormer V2: Improved Multi-Branch Linear Transformer Expanded by Taylor Formula for Image Restoration
Zhi Juan Jin, Yuwei Qiu et al. · 2025 · 262 citations - Network pharmacology: a crucial approach in traditional Chinese medicine research
Yiyan Zhai, Liu Liu et al. · 2025 · 257 citations · Free PDF - A comprehensive survey of deep learning for time series forecasting: architectural diversity and open challenges
Jongseon Kim, Hyungjoon Kim et al. · 2025 · 255 citations · Free PDF - Comprehensive Analysis of Random Forest and XGBoost Performance with SMOTE, ADASYN, and GNUS Under Varying Imbalance Levels
Mehdi Imani, Ali Beikmohammadi et al. · 2025 · 253 citations · Free PDF
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