# Most-cited Computer Science papers of 2021, with free PDFs

The 25 most-cited Computer Science research papers published in 2021, ranked by citations in OpenAlex, with their original abstracts and free PDFs where available.

1. [LAMMPS - a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3201073812) · 12,535 citations
2. [Review of deep learning: concepts, CNN architectures, challenges, applications, future directions](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3140854437) · 7,886 citations · Free PDF
3. [AutoDock Vina 1.2.0: New Docking Methods, Expanded Force Field, and Python Bindings](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3168436232) · 7,552 citations
4. [seaborn: statistical data visualization](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3128261063) · 7,272 citations · Free PDF
5. [performance: An R Package for Assessment, Comparison and Testing of Statistical Models](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3153999239) · 5,780 citations · Free PDF
6. [A Survey of Convolutional Neural Networks: Analysis, Applications, and Prospects](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3168997536) · 5,146 citations · Free PDF
7. [Image Segmentation Using Deep Learning: A Survey](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2999607073) · 3,674 citations · Free PDF
8. [gmx_MMPBSA: A New Tool to Perform End-State Free Energy Calculations with GROMACS](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3202287440) · 3,394 citations
9. [Combinatorial optimization: networks and matroids](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2125690626) · 3,357 citations
10. [Temporal Fusion Transformers for interpretable multi-horizon time series forecasting](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2996331899) · 3,079 citations · Free PDF
11. [The Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3119051141) · 2,941 citations
12. [A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition, and Applications](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3003265726) · 2,925 citations · Free PDF
13. [HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Units](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3169320628) · 2,919 citations · Free PDF
14. [ADMETlab 2.0: an integrated online platform for accurate and comprehensive predictions of ADMET properties](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3154258817) · 2,863 citations
15. [1D convolutional neural networks and applications: A survey](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3100777112) · 2,848 citations
16. [Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3040266635) · 2,831 citations · Free PDF
17. [A review of uncertainty quantification in deep learning: Techniques, applications and challenges](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3102100346) · 2,703 citations · Free PDF
18. [Machine learning and deep learning](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3153990350) · 2,655 citations · Free PDF
19. [EnlightenGAN: Deep Light Enhancement Without Paired Supervision](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3121661546) · 2,635 citations
20. [Understanding deep learning (still) requires rethinking generalization](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2566079294) · 2,390 citations
21. [A Survey on Multi-Task Learning](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3141797743) · 2,354 citations
22. [Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving: A Survey](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3003533476) · 2,328 citations · Free PDF
23. [Deep Learning for Person Re-Identification: A Survey and Outlook](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W2998792609) · 2,254 citations
24. [Domain-Specific Language Model Pretraining for Biomedical Natural Language Processing](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3046375318) · 2,137 citations · Free PDF
25. [Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review](https://nerdi.pages.dev/paper/W3215201135) · 2,025 citations

Canonical page: https://nerdi.pages.dev/papers/computer-science/most-cited-2021