“Online versus offline continuing vocational education” (2026), by Anika Rosenkranz et al. Social Sciences research paper. Original abstract below, unchanged. A free PDF is available.

Online versus offline continuing vocational education

Anika Rosenkranz, Sara Reiter · November 3, 2026 · Social Sciences

Abstract

Given the greater scope for action that online learning creates in the workplace, the study examines employees who participated in non-formal continuing vocational education and investigates whether learner-initiated participation is associated with the online rather than offline delivery of a selected continuing vocational education activity. In addition, the study explores whether the mode of delivery of the selected activity varies with sociodemographic characteristics and employment-related factors. The findings indicate that learner-initiated continuing vocational education activities had a higher predicted probability of online delivery and that the mode of delivery is associated with selected sociodemographic and employment-related characteristics.

Free PDF DOI: 10.1007/s40955-026-00373-0