“NF-κB in inflammation and cancer” (2025), by Hongmei Mao et al. Genetics and Biochemistry research paper. Original abstract below, unchanged. A free PDF is available.

NF-κB in inflammation and cancer

Hongmei Mao, Xiaocui Zhao, Shao‐Cong Sun · June 25, 2025 · Genetics and Biochemistry

Abstract

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that transactivates genes associated with a wide range of biological processes, including immune responses, inflammation, cell growth and survival. Dysregulated NF-κB activation contributes to acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, mostly through the aberrant induction of genes encoding proinflammatory factors and metabolic disorders. Abnormal NF-κB activation also influences the development and stability of regulatory T cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Given the critical role of inflammation in promoting oncogenesis, the proinflammatory role of NF-κB is also linked to cancer development. In addition, aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and therapy resistance. These pathological functions of NF-κB highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for both inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the role of NF-κB in these pathological processes and discuss the underlying mechanisms. We also explore potential therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting the NF-κB pathway for disease treatment, along with an analysis of possible challenges.

Free PDF DOI: 10.1038/s41423-025-01310-w