# Acid-humidified CO 2 gas input for stable electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction

“Acid-humidified CO 2 gas input for stable electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction” (2025), by Shaoyun Hao et al. Energy research paper. Original abstract below, unchanged. No free PDF was found.

- Authors: Shaoyun Hao, Ahmad Elgazzar, Shou-Kun Zhang, Tae‐Ung Wi, Feng-Yang Chen, Yuge Feng, Peng Zhu, Haotian Wang
- Published: June 12, 2025
- Field: Energy
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr3834
- Source: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr3834

## Abstract

(Bi)carbonate salt formation has been widely recognized as a primary factor in poor operational stability of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). We demonstrate that flowing CO 2 gas into an acid bubbler—which carries trace amounts of acid vapor into a gas diffusion electrode for silver-catalyzed CO 2 RR to carbon monoxide (CO)—can prevent salt accumulation. In a 100-square-centimeter, scaled-up CO 2 RR membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer with single serpentine flow channels, the acid humidification method achieved the 4500 hours of stability milestone at 100 mA cm −2 without compromising the CO faradaic efficiency, whereas a conventional water-humidified CO 2 feed only operated stably for ~80 hours. The acid-humidified CO 2 approach was extended to bismuth, copper, and zinc catalysts.

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