# Bio-inspired electronics: Soft, biohybrid, and “living” neural interfaces

“Bio-inspired electronics: Soft, biohybrid, and “living” neural interfaces” (2025), by Dimitris Boufidis et al. Neuroscience research paper. Original abstract below, unchanged. A free PDF is available.

- Authors: Dimitris Boufidis, Raghav Garg, Eugenia Angelopoulos, Daniel Kacy Cullen, Flavia Vitale
- Published: February 21, 2025
- Field: Neuroscience
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57016-0
- Free PDF: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-57016-0.pdf

## Abstract

Neural interface technologies are increasingly evolving towards bio-inspired approaches to enhance integration and long-term functionality. Recent strategies merge soft materials with tissue engineering to realize biologically-active and/or cell-containing living layers at the tissue-device interface that enable seamless biointegration and novel cell-mediated therapeutic opportunities. This review maps the field of bio-inspired electronics and discusses key recent developments in tissue-like and regenerative bioelectronics, from soft biomaterials and surface-functionalized bioactive coatings to cell-containing 'biohybrid' and 'all-living' interfaces. We define and contextualize key terminology in this emerging field and highlight how biological and living components can bridge the gap to clinical translation.

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