# Revealing the closed pore formation of waste wood-derived hard carbon for advanced sodium-ion battery

“Revealing the closed pore formation of waste wood-derived hard carbon for advanced sodium-ion battery” (2023), by Zheng Tang et al. Engineering research paper. Original abstract below, unchanged. A free PDF is available.

- Authors: Zheng Tang, Rui Zhang, Haiyan Wang, Siyu Zhou, Zhiyi Pan, Yuan‐Cheng Huang, Dan Zi Sun, Yougen Tang, Xiaobo Ji, Khalil Amine et al.
- Published: September 27, 2023
- Field: Engineering
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39637-5
- Free PDF: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39637-5.pdf

## Abstract

Although the closed pore structure plays a key role in contributing low-voltage plateau capacity of hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries, the formation mechanism of closed pores is still under debate. Here, we employ waste wood-derived hard carbon as a template to systematically establish the formation mechanisms of closed pores and their effect on sodium storage performance. We find that the high crystallinity cellulose in nature wood decomposes to long-range carbon layers as the wall of closed pore, and the amorphous component can hinder the graphitization of carbon layer and induce the crispation of long-range carbon layers. The optimized sample demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 430 mAh g −1 at 20 mA g −1 (plateau capacity of 293 mAh g −1 for the second cycle), as well as good rate and stable cycling performances (85.4% after 400 cycles at 500 mA g −1 ). Deep insights into the closed pore formation will greatly forward the rational design of hard carbon anode with high capacity.

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