# Merits and Limitations of Radical vs. Nonradical Pathways in Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes

“Merits and Limitations of Radical vs. Nonradical Pathways in Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes” (2023), by Yiqi Yan et al. Environmental Science research paper. Original abstract below, unchanged. No free PDF was found.

- Authors: Yiqi Yan, Zongsu Wei, Xiaoguang Duan, Mingce Long, Richard Spinney, Dionysios D. Dionysiou, Ruiyang Xiao, Pedro J. J. Alvarez
- Published: August 3, 2023
- Field: Environmental Science
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c05153
- Source: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c05153

## Abstract

Urbanization and industrialization have exerted significant adverse effects on water quality, resulting in a growing need for reliable and eco-friendly treatment technologies. Persulfate (PS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are emerging as viable technologies to treat challenging industrial wastewaters or remediate groundwater impacted by hazardous wastes. While the generated reactive species can degrade a variety of priority organic contaminants through radical and nonradical pathways, there is a lack of systematic and in-depth comparison of these pathways for practical implementation in different treatment scenarios. Our comparative analysis of reaction rate constants for radical vs. nonradical species indicates that radical-based AOPs may achieve high removal efficiency of organic contaminants with relatively short contact time. Nonradical AOPs feature advantages with minimal water matrix interference for complex wastewater treatments. Nonradical species ( e.g., singlet oxygen, high-valent metals, and surface activated PS) preferentially react with contaminants bearing electron-donating groups, allowing enhancement of degradation efficiency of known target contaminants. For byproduct formation, analytical limitations and computational chemistry applications are also considered. Finally, we propose a holistically estimated electrical energy per order of reaction (EE/O) parameter and show significantly higher energy requirements for the nonradical pathways. Overall, these critical comparisons help prioritize basic research on PS-based AOPs and inform the merits and limitations of system-specific applications.

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