# Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

“Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review” (2021), by Ahmed Ibrahim Osman et al. Energy research paper. Original abstract below, unchanged. A free PDF is available.

- Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim Osman, Neha Mehta, Ahmed M. Elgarahy, Mahmoud Hefny, Amer Al‐Hinai, Ala'a Hamed Al-Muhtaseb, David W. Rooney
- Published: October 6, 2021
- Field: Energy
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01322-8
- Free PDF: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10311-021-01322-8.pdf

## Abstract

Dihydrogen (H 2 ), commonly named ‘hydrogen’, is increasingly recognised as a clean and reliable energy vector for decarbonisation and defossilisation by various sectors. The global hydrogen demand is projected to increase from 70 million tonnes in 2019 to 120 million tonnes by 2024. Hydrogen development should also meet the seventh goal of ‘affordable and clean energy’ of the United Nations. Here we review hydrogen production and life cycle analysis, hydrogen geological storage and hydrogen utilisation. Hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis, steam methane reforming, methane pyrolysis and coal gasification. We compare the environmental impact of hydrogen production routes by life cycle analysis. Hydrogen is used in power systems, transportation, hydrocarbon and ammonia production, and metallugical industries. Overall, combining electrolysis-generated hydrogen with hydrogen storage in underground porous media such as geological reservoirs and salt caverns is well suited for shifting excess off-peak energy to meet dispatchable on-peak demand.

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