# International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress

“International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress” (2018), by Frank Lobbezoo et al. Health Professions research paper. Original abstract below, unchanged. A free PDF is available.

- Authors: Frank Lobbezoo, Jari Ahlberg, Karen G. Raphael, Peter Wetselaar, Alan G. Glaros, Takafumi Kato, Vivian Santiago, Ephraim Winocur, Antoon De Laat, R. De Leeuw et al.
- Published: June 21, 2018
- Field: Health Professions
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12663
- Free PDF: https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/9d48e57e-f881-4500-9913-ad8a35d30d90

## Abstract

In 2013, consensus was obtained on a definition of bruxism as repetitive masticatory muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible and specified as either sleep bruxism or awake bruxism. In addition, a grading system was proposed to determine the likelihood that a certain assessment of bruxism actually yields a valid outcome. This study discusses the need for an updated consensus and has the following aims: (i) to further clarify the 2013 definition and to develop separate definitions for sleep and awake bruxism; (ii) to determine whether bruxism is a disorder rather than a behaviour that can be a risk factor for certain clinical conditions; (iii) to re-examine the 2013 grading system; and (iv) to develop a research agenda. It was concluded that: (i) sleep and awake bruxism are masticatory muscle activities that occur during sleep (characterised as rhythmic or non-rhythmic) and wakefulness (characterised by repetitive or sustained tooth contact and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible), respectively; (ii) in otherwise healthy individuals, bruxism should not be considered as a disorder, but rather as a behaviour that can be a risk (and/or protective) factor for certain clinical consequences; (iii) both non-instrumental approaches (notably self-report) and instrumental approaches (notably electromyography) can be employed to assess bruxism; and (iv) standard cut-off points for establishing the presence or absence of bruxism should not be used in otherwise healthy individuals; rather, bruxism-related masticatory muscle activities should be assessed in the behaviour's continuum.

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