“Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade” (2018), by Antoni Ribas et al. Medicine research paper. Original abstract below, unchanged. No free PDF was found.

Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade

Antoni Ribas, Jedd D. Wolchok · March 22, 2018 · Medicine

Abstract

The release of negative regulators of immune activation (immune checkpoints) that limit antitumor responses has resulted in unprecedented rates of long-lasting tumor responses in patients with a variety of cancers. This can be achieved by antibodies blocking the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway, either alone or in combination. The main premise for inducing an immune response is the preexistence of antitumor T cells that were limited by specific immune checkpoints. Most patients who have tumor responses maintain long-lasting disease control, yet one-third of patients relapse. Mechanisms of acquired resistance are currently poorly understood, but evidence points to alterations that converge on the antigen presentation and interferon-γ signaling pathways. New-generation combinatorial therapies may overcome resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint therapy.

Source page DOI: 10.1126/science.aar4060