# Monetary Policy and Heterogeneity: An Analytical Framework

“Monetary Policy and Heterogeneity: An Analytical Framework” (2024), by Florin Ovidiu Bilbiie. Economics research paper. Original abstract below, unchanged. A free PDF is available.

- Authors: Florin Ovidiu Bilbiie
- Published: June 12, 2024
- Field: Economics
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdae066
- Free PDF: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/82848f7e-4747-4291-a3de-19bc45c413f7/download

## Abstract

THANK is a tractable heterogeneous-agent New-Keynesian model that captures analytically core micro-heterogeneity channels of quantitative-HANK: cyclical inequality and risk; self-insurance, precautionary saving, and realistic intertemporal marginal propensities to consume. I use it to elucidate key transmission mechanisms and dynamic properties of HANK models. Countercyclical inequality yields aggregate-demand amplification and makes determinacy with Taylor rules more stringent; but solving the forward guidance puzzle requires procyclical inequality: a Catch-22. Solutions include combining inequality with a distinct risk channel, with compensating cyclicalities; I provide evidence that disposable income inequality was procyclical in the last two, Great and COVID recessions, while risk is countercyclical. Alternative policy rules also solve the Catch-22, e.g. price-level-targeting or, in the model version with liquidity, setting nominal public debt. Optimal policy with heterogeneity features a novel inequality-stabilization motive generating higher inflation volatility—but is unaffected by risk, insofar as the target efficient equilibrium entails no inequality.

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